Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant medicine that helps prevent the immune system from attacking transplanted organs or tissues. It is most commonly used after kidney, liver, or heart transplantation to reduce the risk of organ rejection.
Key details:
Generic name: Tacrolimus
Common brand names: Prograf, Advagraf (extended-release), Envarsus XR
Form: Hard gelatin capsule (various strengths, usually 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 5 mg)
Appearance: Capsule color and imprint vary by manufacturer and strength.
Mechanism: Tacrolimus works by inhibiting calcineurin, a protein phosphatase involved in activating T-lymphocytes. By doing so, it suppresses immune activity.
Usual indications:
Prevention of organ rejection in transplant recipients
Sometimes used in severe autoimmune diseases (off-label)
Route of administration: Oral (capsules should be swallowed whole; not opened or crushed)
Important note: Dosing is highly individualized and based on blood levels; even small changes can affect safety and efficacy.
Special precautions:
Must be taken consistently at the same time each day, either with or without food, but always in the same way to maintain stable blood levels.
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided (can increase tacrolimus levels and toxicity risk).
Regular monitoring of tacrolimus blood levels, kidney function, and other lab tests is essential.
Possible side effects include tremors, headache, increased blood pressure, kidney problems, and increased risk of infection.
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